Definition: Medication route refers to the way that a drug is introduced into the body. The decision on the route is based upon the specific medication being used, the rate of absorption desired and the specific site of action. Most drugs are manufactured for a specific route of administration and must be used as directed for safety and efficiency.
Various routs of administration include
- Oral
Medications are taken by mouth (in pill, capsule or liquid form)and absorbed into the system through the digestive system. Absorption is slow and cannot be used if vomiting is occurring. - Enteral
Medications are administered into the rectum ( eg. suppository) and absorbed by the lower digestive tract. - Mucosal
Medications are administered via the nasal mucosa, or bronchioles through inhalation of an aerosol. Vaginal administration of a medication is also considered mucosal. - Percutaneous
Medications are absorbed directly through the skin to the blood stream. Some hormone replacements are administered by patches that are absorbed slowly and evenly. - Parenteral
Parenteral refers to any medication administration that involves injecting a drug directly into a vein(intravenous), muscle (intramuscular), artery (intrarterial), abdominal cavity (intrperitoneal), heart (intracardiac) or into the fatty tissue beneath the skin (subcutaneous). The speed of absorption varies but is faster than oral administration and is used when more compete and faster absorption is needed.
Pronunciation: med-i-ka'shun rot
Examples: Sally had pneumonia and was treated with intravenous antibiotics.
